Appendix 9-A

GENERAL PESTICIDE INFORMATION

Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Ametryn Triazine Pesticides 8141 or 619M Yes 4.5E+02 1.8E+02 5 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Arsenic Heavy Metals 6010B/ 6020 Yes ? na – Highly persistent herbicide component.
Atrazine Triazine Pesticides 8141 or 619M Yes 2.3E+02 1.0E+02 3 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Benomyl Carbamates 8321 Yes 5.2E+02 3.6E+02 6 Moderately persistent fungicide used for seed dipping. Used since the 1970s.
Bromodichloromethane VOCs 8260 Yes 3.5E+01 1.5E+00 3 Fumigant with low persistence.
Bromomethane VOCs 8260 Yes 1.4E+01 2.8E+01 2 Fumigant with low persistence.
Captafol Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 2.7E+03 7.0E+00 8 Fumigant with low persistence.
Captan SVOCs 8270 Yes 8.6E+02 2.5E+00 8 Fumigant with low persistence.
Chlordane (Technical) Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 Yes 8.7E+04 1.0E+02 8 Moderately persistent insecticide. Cancelled in 1988.
Chlorpyrifos Organo-phosphorus Pesticides 8141 Yes 6.8E+03 8.4E+01 1 Moderately persistent insecticide used since the 1970s.
Dalapon Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 or 8321 Yes 2.7E+00 3.0E+01 8 Low to moderately persistent herbicide used since the 1950s.
Diazinon Organo- phosphorus Pesticides 8141 Yes 1.3E+03 4.0E+01 8 Moderately persistent insecticide broadly used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Dibromo-3-Chloropropane, 1,2- VOCs 8260 or 8081 Yes 1.3E+02 1.8E+02 1 Moderately persistent (although volatile) fumigant broadly used from the 1940s through 1980s.
Dibromochloromethane VOCs 8260 Yes 3.5E+01 1.8E+02 2 Moderately persistent pesticide; unknown if used in cultivation.
Table 9-A (continued)
                   
Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Dibromoethane, 1,2- VOCs 8260 Yes 4.4E+01 1.0E+02 8 Moderately persistent (although volatile) fumigant broadly used from the 1940s through 1980s.
Dicamba Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 or 8321 Yes 2.9E+01 3.1E+01 7 Herbicide with low to moderate persistence.
Dichlorodiphenyl- dichloroethane (DDD) Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 1.5E+05 1.0E+03 8 Highly persistent impurity of DDT insecticide.
Dichlorodiphenyl- dichloroethylene (DDE) Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 1.5E+05 1.0E+03 8 Highly persistent impurity of DDT insecticide.
Dichlorodiphenyl- trichloroethane (DDT) Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 2.2E+05 1.2E+02 8 Moderately persistent insecticide. Used by State for mosquito control until banned in 1972.
Dichlorophenol, 2,4- SVOCs 8270 Yes 7.2E+02 2.6E+00 1 Intermediate product of 2,4-D and other herbicides with low persistence.
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4 D) Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 or 8321 Yes 7.2E+02 1.0E+01 8 Herbicide with low persistence.
Dichloropropane, 1,2- Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 Yes 6.8E+01 3.6E+02 8 Moderately persistent (although volatile) fumigant used from the 1940s to 1974.
Dichloropropene, 1,3- Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 Yes 8.1E+01 1.0E+01 8 Fumigant with low persistence.
Dioxins/Furans Dioxins/furans 8280/8290 Yes 2.6E+05 3.7E+04 1 Highly persistent impurity of chlorinated phenol pesticides (pentachlorophenol; 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TP).
Diuron Carbamates 8321 Yes 1.4E+02 9.0E+01 8 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Endosulfan Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 2.2E+04 1.5E+02 15 Pesticide with moderate persistence.
Table 9-A (continued)
                   
Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Ethephon SVOC 8270 Yes 3.6E+00 8.0E+00 7 Growth regulator with low persistence.
Glyphosate Other 547 Yes 1.9E+01 4.7E+01 – Herbicide with low to moderate persistence (beaks down in water).
Heptachlor Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 5.2E+04 2.5E+02 8 Moderately persistent insecticide and component of technical chlordane. Cancelled in 1988. Potentially used in fields with drip irrigation between 1979 & 1985.
Heptachlor Epoxide Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 5.3E+03 3.7E+02 – Highly persistent component of technical chlordane.
Hexachlorocyclohexane, Gamma Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 3.4E+03 2.4E+02 12 Moderately persistent insecticide.
Hexazinone Triazine Pesticides 8141 Yes 6.1E+02 2.2E+02 7 Moderately persistent herbicide used since the 1970s.
Lead Heavy Metals 6010B/ 6020 Yes ? na – Unknown if lead-based insecticides, herbicides, & rodenticides used in cultivation. Highly persistent.
Malathion Organo- phosphorus Pesticides 8141 or 8270 Yes 3.1E+01 1.0E+00 7 Insecticide with low persistence. Used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Mercury Heavy Metals 7471 Yes 1.7E+02 ? – Highly persistent fungicide (seed dipping). All food uses cancelled in 1969.
Methyl Mercury Heavy Metals 7471 Yes ? ? – Methylated form of mercury generated in reducing environments; potential byproduct.
Methyl Sulfanilcarbamate Carbamates 8321A Yes 1.2E+03 3.1E+01 – Herbicide used since the 1970s. Low to moderate persistence.
Metribuzin Triazine Pesticides 8141 Yes 1.2E+03 4.4E+02 7 Highly persistent herbicide used since the 1970s.
Table 9-A (continued)
                   
Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Mirex Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 4.7E+05 3.7E+02 – Highly persistent insecticide. Very limited use in Hawaiʻi. Not sold in US since 1978.
Oxamyl Carbamates 8321 Yes 1.0E+01 2.7E+01 7 Insecticide with low persistence.
Parathion Organo-phosphorus Pesticides 8141 or 8270 Yes 1.7E+03 7.3E+02 13 Highly persistent insecticide. Registration cancelled in 1992.
Pentachlorophenol SVOCs or Chlorinated Herbicides 8270 or 8151 Yes 3.4E+03 3.0E+01 15 Herbicide used from 1960s (possibly earlier) until 1970. Low to moderate persistence.
Picloram Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 Yes 1.8E+01 3.0E+02 7 Moderately persistent sugarcane herbicide used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Propiconazole Carbamates 8321 Yes 5.6E+03 8.4E+01 7 Moderately persistent fungicide. Used since the 1980s.
Simazine Triazine Pesticides 8141 or 619M Yes 1.5E+02 2.5E+02 8 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s (possibly earlier).
Terbacil Organonitrogen 633 Yes 7.8E+01 5.2E+02 7 Highly persistent herbicide. Limited used since the 1970s; not significantly toxic.
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6- SVOCs 8270 Yes 2.0E+03 3.0E+01 – Component of pentachlorophenol with low to moderate persistence.
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5- (2,4,5 T) Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 or 8321 Yes 1.2E+03 3.0E+02 10 Moderately persistent herbicide. Limited possible use with sugarcane in 1960s. Suspended in 1985.
Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid, 2,4,5- (2,4,5 Tp) Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 or 8321 Yes 4.9E+01 1.7E+01 11 Herbicide with low persistence. Limited possible use with sugarcane in 1960s. Suspended in 1985.
Trichloropropene, 1,2,3- (TCP) VOCs 8260 Yes 1.3E+02 3.1E+01 – Impurity in 1,3 dichloropropene with low to moderate persistence.
Trifluralin Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 Yes 9.7E+03 6.0E+01 8 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1980s.
Table 9-A (continued)
                   
Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Used But No Toxicity Data And/Or No Standard Laboratory Method
Amitrole Other ? No 2.0E+01 2.6E+01 4 Herbicide used pre-1971 with low persistence.
Ammonium Sulfamate Other ? Yes ? ? – Herbicide used in the 1960s until possibly the 1980s; assumed low persistence.
Bromacil Carbamates 8321 No 9.3E+00 2.4E+02 3 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s.
Chloropicrin Other No 5.1E+01 1.0E+00 8 Fumigant with low persistence.
Dichloropropene, 2,3- Chlorinated Herbicides 8151 No 8.1E+01 1.6E+01 8 Fumigant with low persistence.
Diphacinone Other ? No 5.0E+03 3.7E+02 ? Rodenticide with moderate to high persistence.
Diquat Other ? Yes 1.9E+03 1.0E+03 8 Highly persistent growth regulator.
Endrin Aldehyde Organochlorine Pesticides 8081 or 8270 No 1.1E+04 3.7E+02 8 Highly persistent impurity of Endrin.
Fenaminosulf Other ? Yes 1.0E+00 1.5E+01 8 Fungicide with low persistence.
Fenamiphos Organo-phosphorus Pesticides 8141 No 2.3E+02 5.0E+00 8 Nematicide with low persistence.
Fenthion Organo-phosphorus Pesticides 8141 or 8270 No 1.1E+02 3.4E+01 8 Moderately persistent insecticide used since the 1960s.
Fosetyl-Aluminum Other ? Yes 5.3E+03 1.0E-01 8 Fungicide with low persistence.
Hydramethylnon Other ? No 6.3E+08 ? – Insecticide (ant control) with unknown persistence.
Mancozeb Other ? Yes 1.0E+01 2.0E+00 7 Fungicide with low persistence.
Monuron Carbamates 8321 No ? 1.0E+02 – Herbicide with moderate persistence. Registration cancelled in 1977.
Paraquat Other ? Yes 1.4E+03 7.3E+02 14 Highly persistent herbicide. Used since the 1960s.
Table 9-A (continued)
                   
Chemical Laboratory
Analytical
Group*		 Standard Laboratory Method* Availability
of Toxicity
Factors**		 KoC
(cm³/g)		 Half-Life
in Soil
(days)		 Half-Life Refer- ence*** Notes
Pindone Other ? No 2.8E+01 ? – Rodenticide with unknown persistence.
Quizalofop-P-Ethyl Other ? No 5.4E+02 6.0E+01 3 Moderately persistent herbicide. Used from the 1980s until present.
Sodium Chlorate Other ? No 1.0E+00 ? – Herbicide with unknown persistence.
Sodium Monofluoracetate Other ? Yes 1.2E+00 ? – Rodenticide with unknown persistence. Used in 1960s until unknown time.
Sodium Trichloroacetate Other ? No 1.0E+00 ? – Herbicide with unknown persistence. Used in the 1960s until unknown time.
Sulfometuron-Methyl Carbamates (modified) 8321Mod No 7.8E+01 2.8E+01 7 Herbicide with low persistence.
Temephos Other ? Yes 1.6E+06 ? – Insecticide with unknown persistence. Used in the 1960s until unknown time.
Table 9-A (continued)
Notes:
* Laboratory analytical method used to categorize pesticides may not match actual pesticide chemical category.
** Toxicity value availability noted as “Yes” if listed in May 2008 USEPA Regional Screening Levels guidance (USEPA, 2008). KoC values from same reference. See EPA RSL webpage for updates.
*** Half-Life References. The number in the column above corresponds to the references shown below.
1 Montgomery, J.H. 2000. Groundwater Chemicals. Desk Reference (3rd Ed).
2 Mackay, Shiu, Ma. 1992. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals.
3 Extonet. Available online at: https://extoxnet.orst.edu/
4 USEPA. Reregistration Eligibility Decision – Amitrole. List A. Case 0095. (https://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/0095red.pdf)
5 Spectrum. Chemical fact Sheet – Ametryn (https://www.speclab.com/compound/c834128.htm)
6 Benomyl fact Sheet. Pesticides News No.35, March 1997, p20-21 (https://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/actives/benomyl.htm)
7 ARS Pesticide Properties Database (https://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=14199)
8 Knisel & Davis. 2000. Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems.
9 Toxicological Profile for Pentachlorophenol. ATSDR 1991. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp51.html
10 Spectrum Chemical fact Sheet – 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid. https://www.speclab.com/compound/c93765.htm
11 Spectrum Chemical fact Sheet – 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid. https://www.speclab.com/compound/c93721.htm
12 Extoxnet – Lindane (BHC). Available online at https://extonet.orst.edu/
13 Extoxnet – Parathion. Available online at https://extoxnet.orst.edu/
14 Extoxnet – Paraquat. Available online at https://extoxnet.orst.edu/
15 Toxnet HSDB. Available online at https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB