HAZARD EVALUATION & EMERGENCY RESPONSE (HEER) OFFICE

Initial Shortlist of Pesticides Used in Sugarcane and Pineapple Operations and Selection for Further Consideration

 

Chemical1			Synonyms	Laboratory Analytical Grouping2	Period Used in Hawaiʻi3	Persistence4	Mobility5	Known Use in Sugar Cane Production?	Known Use in Pineapple Production?
Benomyl			Benlate	8321 (Carbamates)	1970s to present?	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Diuron			Karmex	8321 (Carbamates)	1960s-present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Methyl Sulfanilcarbamate			Asulam	8321 (Carbamates)	1970s-present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Oxamyl			Vydate	8321 (Carbamates)	1980s-present?	Low	High	No	Yes
Propiconazole			Tilt	8321 (Carbamates)	1980s-present?	Moderate	Low	Yes	Yes
Dalapon				8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1953 – present?	Moderate	High	Yes	Yes
Dicamba				8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	? to present	Moderate	High	Yes	No
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4 D)			2,4-D	8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1960s-present	Low	Moderate	Yes	No
Dichloropropane, 1,2-				8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1940s-1974	Moderate	High	No	Yes
Dichloropropene, 1,3-			Telone, D-D 92	8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1940s-present?	Low	High	No	Yes
Picloram			Tordon	8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1960s-present?	Moderate	High	Yes	No
Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4,5- (2,4,5 T)			2,4,5-T	8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1960s?	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	No
Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid, 2,4,5- (2,4,5 Tp)			2,4,5-TP, Silvex	8151 or 8321 (Chlorinated Herbicides)	1960s?	Low	High	Yes	No
Table 9-B (continued)
Chemical1			Synonyms	Laboratory Analytical Grouping2	Period Used in Hawaiʻi3	Persistence4	Mobility5	Known Use in Sugar Cane Production?	Known Use in Pineapple Production?
Arsenic				6010B or 6020 (Heavy Metals)	1913 to 1960s	High	Site-specific	Yes	?
Lead				6010B or 6020 (Heavy Metals)	Unknown	High	Site-specific	Yes	No
Mercury			Phenylmercuric acetate	7471 (Mercury)	?-1969	High	Moderate	Yes	No
Methyl Mercury				7471 (Mercury)	?-1969	High?	High?	Yes	No
Captafol			Difolatan	8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1970s to ?	Low	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Chlordane (Technical)			Technical Chlordane	8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1960s to 1988	Moderate	Moderate	No	Yes
Endosulfan				8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1960s-1980s?	Moderate	Moderate	No	Yes
Heptachlor				8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1960s-1988	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Heptachlor Epoxide				8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1960s-1988	High	Low	No	Yes
Hexachlorocyclohexane, Gamma			Lindane, BHC	8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1960s-present?	Moderate	Moderate	No	Yes
Trifluralin			Treflan	8081 or 8270 (Organochlorine Pesticides)	1980s-present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	No
Chlorpyrifos			Dursban	8141 or 8270 (Organophosphorus Pesticides)	1970s to present?	Moderate	Low	Yes	Yes
Table 9-B (continued)
Chemical1			Synonyms	Laboratory Analytical Grouping2	Period Used in Hawaiʻi3	Persistence4	Mobility5	Known Use in Sugar Cane Production?	Known Use in Pineapple Production?
Diazinon				8141 or 8270 (Organophosphorus Pesticides)	1960s – present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Malathion				8141 or 8270 (Organophosphorus Pesticides)	1960s-present?	Low	High	Yes	Yes
Parathion				8141 or 8270 (Organophosphorus Pesticides)	1960s-1992	High	Moderate	No	Yes
Ethephon			Ethrel	8270 (SVOCs)	1980s-present?	Low	High	Yes	Yes
Captan			Ethyl Mercapton	8270 (SVOCs)	1960s to ?	Low	Moderate	No	Yes
Dichlorophenol, 2,4-				8270 (SVOCs)	1960s-present	Low	Moderate	Yes	No
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-				8270 (SVOCs)	1960s-1984?	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Pentachlorophenol				8270 or 8151 (SVOCs or Chlorinated Herbicides)	1960s-1970	Moderate	Low	Yes	Yes
Ametryn			Evik	8141 or 8270 (Triazine Pesticides)	1960s to present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Atrazine			Astrex	8141 or 8270 (Triazine Pesticides)	1960s to present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Hexazinone			Velpar	8141 or 8270 (Triazine Pesticides)	1970s-present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Metribuzin				8141 or 8270 (Triazine Pesticides)	1970s-present	High	Moderate	Yes	No
Simazine				8141 or 8270 (Triazine Pesticides)	1960s-present	Moderate	Moderate	Yes	Yes
Table 9-B (continued)
Chemical1			Synonyms	Laboratory Analytical Grouping2	Period Used in Hawaiʻi3	Persistence4	Mobility5	Known Use in Sugar Cane Production?	Known Use in Pineapple Production?
Bromodichloromethane				8260 (VOCs)	1960s to ?	Low	High	No	Yes
Bromomethane			Methyl Bromide	8260 (VOCs)	1960s to present	Low	High	No	Yes
Dibromo-3-Chloropropane, 1,2-			DBCP	8260 (VOCs)	1940s-1985	Moderate	Moderate	No	Yes
Dibromochloromethane				8260 (VOCs)	Unknown	Moderate	High	No	Yes
Dibromoethane, 1,2-			EDB	8260 (VOCs)	1940s-1983	Moderate	High	No	Yes
Trichloropropene, 1,2,3-			TCP	8260 (VOCs)	1940s-1978	Moderate	Moderate	No	Yes
Dioxins/Furans				8280/8290 (Dioxins/furans)	1960s-1985?	High	Low	Yes	Yes
Glyphosate			Roundup, Rodeo, Polado	547		Low	High	Yes	Yes
Terbacil			Sinbar	633 (Organonitrogen Pesticides)	1970s-present	High	High	Yes	No
Table 9-B (continued)
Notes:
1	Refer to Appendix 9-A. Pesticide retained for consideration if toxicity data and standard laboratory analytical method available. Includes pesticide likely to drive environmental hazards at former agricultural sites.
2	Laboratory analytical method used to categorize pesticides may not match actual pesticide chemical category.
3	For sugarcane and pineapple agricultural purposes, reported or estimated dates of use in Hawaiʻi.
4	Persistence ranking based on chemical and biological degradation potential.
	●	Metals all given persistence of “high”
	●	Scale for persistence for chemicals with half-life data: High = >1 year Moderate = one month to one year Low = <one month
	●	Where multiple values reported, highest value used to make determination. Soil degradation rates used are used preferentially.
	●	Data for one isomer used to estimate persistence of other isomers, as necessary.
5	Mobility ranking based on sorption coefficient, solubility and volatility.
	●	Sorption coefficient (Koc): High = KoC<100 Moderate = 100<Koc<3,000 Low KoC>3,000
	●	KoC values from USEPA May 2008 RSL guidance when available; otherwise as complied as noted in Appendix 9-A.
	●	If no KoC was available, but water solubility was high, pesticide was assumed to have high mobility.
	●	All volatiles given a mobility of High. Volatiles = Henry’s law constant (unitless) >1E-4 and molecular weight <200
	●	All metals given a mobility of Low
VOC	Volatile Organic Compounds
SVOC	Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds