WATER QUALITY SAMPLES FOR DISSOLVED METALS

Table 1. Results from nearshore water quality samples collected by DOH during April 2024 for dissolved metals, in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Parameters (Dissolved)	DOH EAL: Surface Water Action Level for Marine Habitats (Ecological)1	Hanakao’o Park			Mala Wharf			Puunoa (Baby) Beach			Kamehameha Iki Park					Shark Pit - Puamana			Launiupoko Beach		Launiupoko Beach Surf Break	Olowalu Surf Break	Kahekili (Airport) Beach
		base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	triplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate
Aluminum	—	ND	ND	5.6*	5.5*	7.01	5.69*	6.81	6.18	5.84*	8.54	8.61	8.21	7	8.46	6.64	4.46*	4.73*	ND	ND
Antimony	30	0.114	0.127	0.139	0.117	0.132	0.117	0.158	0.115	0.107	0.111	0.119	0.099	0.121	0.144	0.14	0.117	0.114	0.115	0.124
Arsenic	0.14	1.38	1.34	1.18	1.34	1.41	1.42	1.28	1.32	1.26	1.31	1.38	1.26	1.11	1.26	1.29	1.52	1.47	1.46	1.24
Beryllium	0.038	ND	ND	0.01	0.008*	0.01	0.01	0.011	0.01	0.012	0.012	0.011	0.01	0.011	0.011	0.01	0.011	0.01	0.009*	0.011
Cadmium	9.3	0.012	0.014	0.008	0.011	0.01	0.01	0.013	0.011	0.016	0.011	0.009	0.01	0.01	0.013	0.011	0.007	0.012	0.006	0.011
Chromium	50	0.179	0.19	0.247	0.257	0.196	0.215	0.226	0.209	0.234	0.185	0.193	0.22	0.246	0.24	0.343	0.323	0.401	0.328	0.261
Cobalt	23	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.005*	ND	ND	0.007*	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.011	ND	ND	ND
Copper	2.9	0.069	0.106	0.177	0.093	0.256	0.273	0.153	0.169	0.175	0.162	0.145	0.115	0.176	0.132	0.134	0.127	0.121	0.117	0.154
Iron	—	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Lead	5.6	ND	0.003*	0.003*	0.004*	0.003*	0.003*	0.005	0.005	0.006	0.005	0.004*	0.004*	0.004*	0.003*	0.003*	0.003*	0.003*	0.004*	0.004*
Manganese	—	0.492	0.459	0.752	0.795	0.747	0.697	0.597	0.545	0.59	0.569	0.79	1.19	1.17	0.962	0.929	0.715	0.621	1.04	0.988
Mercury	0.025	ND	ND	0.013	0.014	0.006	0.007	0.025	0.024	0.018	0.018	0.017	0.015	0.016	0.015	0.015	0.005	0.004*	0.004*	0.004*
Molybdenum	370	9.77	10.5	9.33	10.2	9.8	10.4	10.4	10.5	9.33	10.3	9.55	7.44	10.1	10.3	10.3	10.1	10.3	10.2	9.96
Nickel	8.3	0.123	0.151	0.164	0.165	0.152	0.17	0.167	0.178	0.151	0.21	0.156	0.133	0.169	0.182	0.17	0.174	0.17	0.193	0.175
Selenium	71	0.016	0.025	0.015	0.027	0.032	0.037	0.033	0.029	0.029	0.026	0.022	0.029	0.031	0.021	0.013*	0.016	0.029	0.017	0.019
Silicon	—	565	745	591	685	436	556	471	377	359	864	505	702	505	659	531	1010	633	385	650
Silver	0.1	0.06	0.046	0.12	0.122	0.112	0.121	0.112	0.113	0.123	0.121	0.12	0.12	0.117	0.112	0.121	0.117	0.115	0.12	0.118
Thallium	12	ND	ND	0.01	0.009*	0.011	0.012	0.01	0.009*	0.01	0.009*	0.007*	0.01	0.011	0.012	0.011	0.009*	0.01	0.01	0.007*
Tin	—	ND	ND	0.025	0.02	0.008*	0.028	0.022	0.032	0.02	0.022	0.019	0.019	0.028	0.016	0.021	0.034	0.023	0.016	0.024
Titanium	—	0.267	0.064*	ND	0.088	ND	0.229	ND	ND	0.091	0.119	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.045*	0.218	0.285
Vanadium	81	1.71	1.71	1.45	1.45	1.58	1.46	1.5	1.36	1.39	1.21	1.3	1.33	1.5	1.35	1.51	1.9	1.76	1.62	1.63
Zinc	86	ND	ND	1.11	0.81	1.03	0.701	0.79	0.943	1.08	0.815	0.93	1.09	1.08	1.03	0.725	0.837	0.723	1	1.45

Coastal water quality samples were collected by DOH in accordance with DOH protocols.
DOH EAL: Hawaii DOH Environmental Action Level for screening. An entry of “—” means the analyte does not have an EAL.
The table shows valid sampling results from the sites, including duplicate and triplicate samples collected for quality assurance purposes.
Concentrations higher than DOH EALs are shown in bold font.
ND: Non-detect
*Values were J flagged in the laboratory report, indicating that the result should be considered as an estimated rather than quantitative value.
¹Surface water EALs are for marine habitats and primarily consider potential harm to aquatic habitats or the potential for substances to accumulate in aquatic species. The EALs are from Table D-2b of DOH’s TGM EAL Surfer (found here: Environmental Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Action Levels – HEER Office (hawaii.gov)) from Spring 2024. Recreational water criteria for human health are based on bacteria levels in the water. See “What Do the Data Tell Us?” for explanations of why the levels shown here do not pose a risk to people using these waters for recreation.

Table 2. Results from nearshore water quality samples collected by DOH during August 2024 for dissolved metals, in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Parameters (Dissolved)	DOH EAL: Surface Water Action Level for Marine Habitats (Ecological)1	Hanakao’o Park			Mala Wharf			Puunoa (Baby) Beach			Kamehameha Iki Park			Shark Pit - Puamana			Launiupoko Beach				Launiupoko Beach Surf Break	Olowalu Surf Break	Kahekili (Airport) Beach
		base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	triplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate	base	duplicate
Aluminum	—	9.46	10.2	4.26*	3.74*	4.57*	5.08*	8.53	11	8.14	10.1	9.31	15	8.58	8.69	7.38	5.02*	4.24*	ND	ND
Antimony	30	0.129	0.107	0.125	0.252	0.109	0.03	0.095	0.043	0.059	0.074	0.049	0.073	0.083	0.078	0.062	0.094	0.051	0.102	0.031
Arsenic	0.14	1.01	0.576	0.504	0.76	0.518	0.638	0.551	0.857	0.557	0.807	0.73	0.466	0.596	0.665	0.428	0.66	0.523	0.627	0.556
Beryllium	0.038	0.014	0.012	0.038	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.005*	0.011	0.005*	ND	ND	0.01	ND	0.005*	ND	0.008*	ND
Cadmium	9.3	0.058	ND	0.022	ND	0.009	0.011	0.036	0.043	0.028	0.03	0.018	0.018	0.028	0.029	0.036	0.018	0.037	0.025	0.01
Chromium	50	0.164	0.206	0.168	0.131	0.134	0.116	0.172	0.254	0.19	0.195	0.257	0.349	0.222	0.194	0.194	0.202	0.206	0.144	0.131
Cobalt	23	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Copper	2.9	0.149	0.17	0.135	0.082	0.151	0.113	0.148	0.117	0.129	0.153	0.156	0.151	0.134	0.137	0.128	0.135	0.126	0.037	0.018
Iron	—	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	13.1	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Lead	5.6	0.014	0.018	0.018	0.008	0.003*	0.006	0.003*	ND	0.003*	0.005	0.007	ND	0.003*	0.01	ND	0.004*	ND	0.012	0.005
Manganese	—	0.38	0.191	0.188	0.247	0.066	0.187	0.229	0.422	0.279	0.317	0.64	0.311	0.351	0.398	0.217	0.168	0.222	0.153	0.08
Mercury	0.025	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.004	0.004*	0.003*	0.004*	ND	0.003*	ND	0.003*	0.004*	ND	ND	ND	ND
Molybdenum	370	9.7	9.89	9.3	9.2	9.1	9.3	9.06	7.38	9.2	8.2	9.2	9.3	8.5	13.1	7.4	8.9	6.18	10.6	10.5
Nickel	8.3	0.167	0.147	0.135	0.102	0.094	0.092	0.143	0.195	0.157	0.168	0.171	0.165	0.175	0.159	0.182	0.123	0.194	0.138	0.128
Selenium	71	0.006*	0.044	0.046	0.028	0.059	0.047	ND	0.017	ND	ND	0.023	0.019*	0.019*	0.031	0.014*	0.018*	0.03	0.02	ND
Silicon	—	0.325	0.365	ND	0.0525	0.005	0.032	0.126	0.053	0.079	ND	ND	ND	0.093	ND	ND	ND	0.126	0.052	0.012
Silver	0.1	0.116	0.072	0.07	0.055	0.033	0.074	0.145	0.178	0.163	0.179	0.158	0.145	0.15	0.151	0.155	0.131	0.142	0.039	0.068
Thallium	12	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Tin	—	0.113	0.054	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.286	0.306	0.279	0.319	0.343	0.268	0.321	0.25	0.269	0.321	0.206	ND	ND
Titanium	—	0.1	0.131	0.06*	0.051*	0.077	ND	ND	0.065*	0.05*	0.063*	0.071	0.085	0.054*	0.118	ND	0.064*	0.038*	0.051*	ND
Vanadium	81	2.32	2.14	1.6	1.58	1.53	1.66	1.55	1.49	1.57	1.73	1.79	1.6	1.69	1.65	1.61	1.67	1.56	1.6	1.67
Zinc	86	1.15	1.14	0.46	1.03	0.199	0.501	1.18	2.1	2.16	0.7	0.763	1.12	1.07	2.66	1.04	0.774	0.463	0.52	0.586

Table 3. Results from nearshore water quality samples collected by DOH during November 2024 for dissolved metals, in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Parameters	Hanakao’o Park	Mala Wharf	Puunoa (Baby) Beach 1			Kamehameha Iki Park	Shark Pit - Puamana	Launiupoko Beach (Nearshore)	Launiupoko Beach (Surf Break)	Olowalu Surf Break	Kahekili (Airport) Beach 1
	base	base	base	duplicate	base	base	base	base	base	base	duplicate
Aluminum	ND	6.47	10.2	10.8	7.21	14.6	13.8	9.82	5.53*	ND	ND
Antimony	0.135	0.184	0.138	0.191	0.196	0.157	0.161	0.12	0.116	0.184	0.205
Arsenic	0.848	0.837	0.945	0.925	0.862	1.12	1.01	0.816	0.775	0.925	0.955
Beryllium	ND	ND	0.007*	ND	ND*	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND*
Cadmium	0.005	0.009	ND	0.013	ND	0.022	0.003*	0.02	ND	ND	ND
Chromium	0.155	0.166	0.054	0.107	0.093	0.144	0.189	0.108	0.143	0.201	0.118
Cobalt	ND	0.037	0.019	0.046	ND	0.038	0.051	ND	ND	ND	ND
Copper	0.06	0.203	0.421	0.495	0.099	0.216	0.112	0.11	0.07	0.107	0.04
Iron	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Lead	ND	0.005	0.009	0.006	ND	0.003*	0.007	ND	ND	ND	0.003*
Manganese	0.215	2.07	0.507	0.678	0.416	0.632	1.01	0.563	0.028	0.444	0.192
Mercury	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Molybdenum	10.9	13.9	8.35	11.7	9.42	10.7	10	10.9	9.39	10.5	13.9
Nickel	0.076	0.133	0.118	0.13	0.052	0.138	0.157	0.06	0.04	0.151	0.089
Selenium	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Silicon	424	536	376	283	474	495	341	386	528	476	391
Silver	ND	ND	ND	0.013*	ND	0.024	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.01*
Thallium	ND	ND	0.014	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Tin	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Titanium	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.079	ND	0.046*	ND	ND	ND	ND
Vanadium	1.86	2.41	1.75	2.03	1.45	2.35	1.66	1.81	1.76	2.35	1.97
Zinc	1.09	2.06	15.7	2.44	0.269	3.29	0.502	0.689	0.204	1.1	0.854

Coastal water quality samples were collected by DOH in accordance with DOH protocols.
ND: Non-detect
*Values were J flagged in the laboratory report, indicating that the result should be considered as an estimated rather than quantitative value.
¹Additional duplicate samples were collected at Puunoa (Baby) Beach and Kahekili (Airport) Beach for quality assurance/quality control purposes.

Table 4. Results from nearshore water quality samples collected by DOH during February 2025 for dissolved metals, in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Parameters	Mala Wharf	Puunoa (Baby) Beach	Shark Pit - Puamana 1			Launiupoko Beach (Nearshore)	Olowalu Surf Break	Kahekili (Airport) Beach 1
	base	base	base	duplicate	base	base	base	duplicate
Aluminum	8.23	5.72*	7.54	8.25	7.97	6.97	4.02*	4.42*
Antimony	0.064	0.077	0.061	0.069	0.061	0.075	0.067	0.069
Arsenic	1.05	1.11	1.08	1.05	0.986	1.16	1.14	1.14
Beryllium	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Cadmium	0.022	0.017	0.016	0.016	0.017	0.011	0.033	0.021
Chromium	0.175	0.17	0.181	0.166	0.206	0.227	0.191	0.214
Cobalt	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Copper	0.295	0.225	0.221	0.222	0.175	ND	0.012	0.211
Iron	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.673*	ND
Lead	0.006	0.018	0.013	0.024	0.006	0.004*	0.011	0.01
Manganese	1.58	0.426	0.636	0.697	0.875	0.592	0.412	0.386
Mercury	0.013	0.014	0.016	0.015	0.015	0.012	0.016	0.015
Molybdenum	5.27	5.08	4.83	5.46	5.09	4.75	4.28	4.01
Nickel	0.225	0.241	0.206	0.206	0.206	0.211	0.221	0.207
Selenium	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Silicon	0.051	ND	0.02	0.011	ND	0.029	0.015	0.016
Silver	0.109	0.104	0.113	0.108	0.111	0.093	0.125	0.112
Thallium	0.012	0.011	0.015	0.016	0.012	0.02	0.014	0.014
Tin	0.007*	0.017	0.012	0.027	0.013	ND	0.011	0.005*
Titanium	0.04*	0.08	ND	ND	0.039*	ND	0.039*	0.041*
Vanadium	1.44	1.37	1.44	1.42	1.47	1.61	1.56	1.56
Zinc	1.98	0.822	1.83	1.53	1.51	1.59	2.45	1.42

Coastal water quality samples were collected by DOH in accordance with DOH protocols.
ND: Non-detect
*Values were J flagged in the laboratory report, indicating that the result should be considered as an estimated rather than quantitative value.
¹Additional duplicate samples were collected at Shark Pit – Puamana and Kahekili (Airport) Beach for quality assurance/quality control purposes.

Table 5. Results from nearshore water quality samples collected by DOH during May 2025 for dissolved metals, in micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Parameters	Mala Wharf 1			Puunoa (Baby) Beach	Shark Pit - Puamana	Launiupoko Beach (Nearshore)	Olowalu Surf Break	Kahekili (Airport) Beach 1
	base	duplicate	base	base	base	base	base	duplicate
Aluminum	4.82*	5.55*	4.64*	7.02	7.48	6.26	ND	ND
Antimony	0.07	0.074	0.049	0.073	0.044	0.064	ND	ND
Arsenic	1.15	1.17	1.26	1.16	1.11	1.39	1.38	1.54
Beryllium	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Cadmium	0.049	0.061	0.025	0.043	0.05	0.044	0.038	0.057
Chromium	0.114	0.154	0.102	0.119	0.134	0.154	0.21	0.214
Cobalt	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.202	0.229
Copper	0.114	0.102	0.115	0.093	0.119	0.092	0.208	0.186
Iron	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Lead	0.013	0.007	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.017	0.016
Manganese	0.783	0.864	0.445	0.376	0.814	0.178	0.255	0.224
Mercury	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Molybdenum	9.54	9.94	9.73	9.64	7.14	9	1.29	1.56
Nickel	0.216	0.254	0.189	0.172	0.185	0.209	0.123	0.149
Selenium	0.035	0.037	0.02	0.009*	0.015	0.007*	0.108	0.126
Silicon	0.082	ND	ND	0.0209	ND	ND	2.15	2.82
Silver	0.855	0.911	0.81	0.832	1.12	0.671	0.159	0.196
Thallium	ND	ND	0.033	ND	ND	ND	0.007*	0.013
Tin	0.043	0.046	0.043	0.078	0.065	0.025	0.0308	0.044
Titanium	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.055*	ND	ND	ND
Vanadium	1.38	1.4	1.39	1.36	1.24	1.47	2.02	2.08
Zinc	0.27	1.66	0.84	0.219	0.977	1.14	1.16	1.18

Coastal water quality samples were collected by DOH in accordance with DOH protocols.
ND: Non-detect
*Values were J flagged in the laboratory report, indicating that the result should be considered as an estimated rather than quantitative value.
¹Additional duplicate samples were collected at Mala Wharf and Kahekili (Airport) Beach for quality assurance/quality control purposes.

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