Data & Statistics
Here are some basic definitions that may be helpful in understanding the slides and statistics on this page:
Latent TB Infection (LTBI)
- Infected with TB bacteria but does not feel ill
- Has positive tuberculin skin test (TST): generally has induration of 10 mm or greater
- Usually has normal chest x-ray
- Not infectious
- Not reported to Department of Health (DOH)
Active TB Disease or TB Case
- Infected with TB bacteria and generally feels sick (usually: cough, fever, weight loss)
- Usually has positive tuberculin skin test (TST): generally has induration of 10 mm or greater
- Usually has abnormal chest x-ray (pulmonary cases)
- Potentially infectious
- Reported to Department of Health (DOH)
Case Rate
- A standardized measure used to compare how much disease there is in communities or groups of different sizes
- Usually expressed as: Number of cases/100,000 population
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- Example #1: Hilo, Hawaii (zip code: 96720): (2 cases/42,916 population)*100,000 = Rate of 5 cases/100,000
- Example #2: Kapaa, Kauai (zip code: 96746): (2 cases/16,188 population)*100,000 = Rate of 12 cases/100,000
Current TB Epidemiology in Hawaii (Quick links)
Click here for the complete set of slides for Tuberculosis in Hawaii (2024) in PDF form
Case Rates and Numbers
The State of Hawaii to reports one of the highest annual tuberculosis (TB) case rates in the country. In 2024, Hawaii reported 117 total cases of TB, a rate of 8.1 new cases per 100,000 people and the second highest in the nation that year. Hawaii’s 2024 rate was more than two times higher than the 2024 national TB case rate of 3.0 per 100,000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2025).
TB Case Rates: Hawaii vs. United States, 2005-2024
Reported TB Cases: Hawaii, 1930-2024
Cases by County
Hawaii had an average of 111 reported TB cases over the past 10 years. In 2024, the County of Honolulu reported the highest number of TB cases in the state, with 90 cases of TB and the highest county incidence rate of 9.0 cases per 100,000, accounting for 77% of the state’s TB morbidity in 2024. Kauai County reported 2 new cases of TB with an incidence rate of 2.7 cases per 100,000. Maui County reported 17 new cases of TB (incidence rate: 10.4 cases per 100,000) and Hawaii County reported 8 new cases of TB (incidence rate: 3.8 cases per 100,000).
Reported TB Cases: Hawaii, 2015 -2024
TB Cases and Case Rates by County: Hawaii, 2023-2024
TB Cases and Case Rates by County and Zip Code: Hawaii, 2024
Deaths from TB
TB deaths and death rates have decreased dramatically since 1920 when there were 531 TB-related deaths, and the death rate was 204 per 100,000. In 2024, there were 6 reported deaths attributed to TB in Hawaii, giving a TB mortality rate of 0.4 per 100,000. The latest national data show a TB mortality rate of 0.2 per 100,000, or 565 total TB-related deaths in the US in 2022 (CDC, 2024).
TB Deaths and Death Rates: Hawaii, 1920-2024
TB Case Deaths: Hawaii, 2015-2024
Cases by Age Group and Gender
The highest burden of TB disease continues to be among older adults. The largest group of new TB cases reported in 2024 in Hawaii were those 65+ years of age; 50% (n=58) were in this age group. There were three new cases of TB under 15 years of age.
Percent of TB Cases by Age Group: Hawaii, 2024 vs. United States, 2024
Site of Disease
Sixty-three percent (n=74) of cases reported in Hawaii in 2024 were pulmonary TB, or TB affecting the lungs. Tuberculosis, however, is a systemic disease and can affect any area of the body. Sixteen percent (n=19) of cases were exclusively extrapulmonary, or TB outside of the lungs, while twenty-one percent (n=24) were both pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Overall, eighty-four percent of cases were either pulmonary or both pulmonary and extrapulmonary.
The percentage of TB cases in Hawaii with INH-resistant TB increased from 11% in 2023 to 22% in 2024. In 2023 & 2024, there were four multidrug-resistant TB cases (MDR TB) in Hawaii. MDR TB is defined by CDC as resistance to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF), isolates may be resistant to other drugs. The national INH-resistant TB rate was 8.5% and the national MDR TB rate was 1.4% of all cases in 2023 (CDC, 2024). To prevent development of drug resistant TB, directly observed therapy (DOT) is the standard of care in Hawaii.
Primary Anti-TB Drug Resistance: Hawaii, 2015-2024
Current TB Epidemiology in the U.S.
For the most current national TB data, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination website:
https://www.cdc.gov/tb-data/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm
The Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2023 can be accessed at:
Provisional 2024 Tuberculosis Data — United States, (cdc.gov)
This page last updated: May 08, 2025
Hawaii Tuberculosis Control Program
1700 Lanakila Avenue, Ground Floor
Honolulu, HI 96817
Phone: (808) 832-5731
Fax: (808) 832-5846
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